1G networks began in the 1980s, primarily using analog technology.
Voice calls were the main service offered with limited coverage and low-quality signals.
Second Generation (2G): Digital Networks
2G emerged in the early 1990s, introducing digital technologies such as GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).
It offered better voice quality, text messaging (SMS), and added some basic data services like email access and limited internet browsing.
Third Generation (3G): Higher Data Rates
3G, introduced in the early 2000s, significantly enhanced data transmission rates, enabling faster internet access, video calling, and multimedia services.
Standards like UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and CDMA2000 were part of this evolution.
4G, which gained traction around 2010, focused on providing high-speed internet, low latency, and improved capacity for data-intensive applications.
LTE (Long-Term Evolution) became the dominant technology, offering significantly faster download and upload speeds.
Fifth Generation (5G): Ultra-Fast, Low Latency, and IoT Support
5G, starting deployment around 2019, represents a significant leap in wireless technology.
It aims to deliver ultra-fast data rates (multi-gigabit speeds), extremely low latency, and massive device connectivity (IoT - Internet of Things) to support diverse applications like autonomous vehicles, augmented reality, and remote surgeries.
It utilizes technologies such as mmWave (millimeter wave) and Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) to achieve these goals.
Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G Development:
Researchers and industry experts are already exploring technologies and standards for Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G.
These future wireless systems aim to further enhance data rates, reduce latency to almost negligible levels, support more devices, and enable revolutionary applications yet to be imagined.
