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What are Ericsson's recommendations for site selection and coverage planning for 5G millimeter-wave frequencies?

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  1. Propagation Characteristics:
    • Millimeter-wave frequencies (typically 24 GHz and above) have shorter wavelengths compared to lower-frequency bands. As a result, they are more susceptible to higher free-space path loss and atmospheric absorption.
    • Understanding the propagation characteristics of mmWave frequencies is crucial for site selection. Line-of-sight (LOS) conditions are often preferred due to the limited ability of millimeter waves to penetrate obstacles like buildings and foliage.
  2. Building Penetration and Obstruction:
    • Buildings and other obstacles can significantly attenuate millimeter waves. Therefore, site selection should consider the ability of signals to penetrate structures. LOS conditions are preferred to maintain signal strength and quality.
  3. Site Density:
    • Due to the limited range of millimeter waves and their susceptibility to obstacles, a higher density of small cells is often required. This is especially true in urban environments where buildings can obstruct signals.
  4. Antenna Beamforming and Steering:
    • Millimeter-wave systems often employ advanced beamforming techniques to focus the signal in specific directions. Site planning should consider the use of directional antennas and beamforming to maximize coverage and capacity.
  5. Backhaul Requirements:
    • Millimeter-wave networks require high-capacity backhaul to support the increased data rates. Adequate backhaul planning is essential to ensure that the network can handle the data traffic generated by the 5G millimeter-wave cells.
  6. Regulatory Compliance:
    • Site selection should comply with local regulatory requirements for the deployment of millimeter-wave frequencies. Different regions may have specific regulations regarding power levels, frequency bands, and other considerations.
  7. Interference Management:
    • Due to the higher frequency and more directional nature of millimeter-wave signals, interference management becomes critical. Coordinating frequency usage and managing interference from nearby cells are important aspects of site planning.
  8. Weather Effects:
    • Millimeter waves can be affected by certain weather conditions, such as rain and snow. Site planning should consider these effects and implement mechanisms to mitigate potential performance degradation during adverse weather.