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The speed of mobile network technologies like 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G is measured in terms of their data transfer rates, which are often referred to as peak theoretical speeds. These technologies have evolved over the years, each offering improvements in speed, latency, and overall network performance.

Here's a technical breakdown of the speeds associated with each generation:

  1. 2G (Second Generation):
    • Technology Standards: 2G encompasses technologies like GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).
    • Data Speeds: Typically, 2G networks provided data speeds ranging from 9.6 Kbps to 50 Kbps, with certain enhancements like EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) pushing speeds up to around 384 Kbps.
    • Usage: 2G primarily supported voice calls and basic text messaging (SMS).
  2. 3G (Third Generation):
    • Technology Standards: 3G introduced technologies like UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and CDMA2000.
    • Data Speeds: 3G networks offered much higher data speeds compared to 2G, ranging from about 384 Kbps to 42 Mbps (with HSPA+ or High-Speed Packet Access Plus).
    • Usage: Along with voice calls and text messaging, 3G enabled faster data connectivity, facilitating services like video calls, mobile internet browsing, and early versions of mobile apps.
  3. 4G (Fourth Generation):
    • Technology Standards: 4G technologies include LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access).
    • Data Speeds: 4G significantly boosted data speeds, providing theoretical peak speeds ranging from 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps (with LTE-Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro).
    • Usage: 4G networks enhanced mobile broadband, enabling high-definition video streaming, online gaming, faster downloads/uploads, and improved web browsing experiences.
  4. 5G (Fifth Generation):
    • Technology Standards: 5G introduces new standards like NR (New Radio).
    • Data Speeds: 5G aims for even higher data speeds, promising theoretical peak speeds ranging from 1 Gbps to 10 Gbps or more.
    • Usage: 5G's main goals include ultra-fast and low-latency connectivity, supporting advanced applications like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), IoT, autonomous vehicles, and high-definition content streaming. Additionally, it's expected to significantly reduce latency to a few milliseconds, enabling real-time interactions for critical applications.