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SBC Single Board Computer

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A Single Board Computer (SBC) is a complete computer system built on a single circuit board. It integrates all the essential components of a traditional computer, including the processor, memory, storage, input/output (I/O) interfaces, and power supply, onto a compact board. SBCs are commonly used for embedded systems, prototyping, education, and various other applications where a full-sized computer may not be necessary or feasible.

SBCs come in different form factors and can vary in size, performance, and features. One popular type of SBC is the Raspberry Pi, which has gained significant popularity due to its affordability and versatility. However, there are numerous other SBC options available in the market from different manufacturers.

Let's delve into the components and features typically found on an SBC:

  1. Processor: The heart of the SBC is the central processing unit (CPU), which executes instructions and performs calculations. SBCs often use ARM-based processors, although x86-based processors are also used in some models. The CPU's performance varies depending on the specific SBC model, ranging from low-power options suitable for basic tasks to more powerful processors capable of running complex applications.
  2. Memory: SBCs feature onboard memory, typically in the form of RAM (Random Access Memory). The RAM size determines the system's ability to handle multiple tasks simultaneously and impacts overall performance. SBCs may have varying amounts of RAM, usually ranging from a few hundred megabytes to several gigabytes.
  3. Storage: SBCs incorporate storage options for storing the operating system, applications, and user data. The storage can be in the form of an onboard eMMC (embedded MultiMediaCard) module, which functions similarly to an SSD (Solid State Drive). Additionally, SBCs often provide expansion options like SD card slots or USB ports for connecting external storage devices.
  4. I/O Interfaces: SBCs come equipped with various input/output interfaces to connect peripheral devices and enable communication. Common I/O options include USB ports (for connecting keyboards, mice, external drives, etc.), HDMI or DisplayPort (for connecting displays), Ethernet port (for wired network connectivity), audio jacks, camera interfaces, GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) pins for connecting sensors or other electronic components, and more. The available interfaces depend on the specific SBC model.
  5. Operating System: SBCs support different operating systems, with Linux distributions being the most commonly used due to their lightweight nature and extensive software support. However, some SBCs also support other operating systems like Windows 10 IoT Core, Android, or specialized embedded OSes.
  6. Power Supply: SBCs require a power source to operate. They usually have a dedicated power input port or utilize a micro-USB or USB-C port for power. The power requirements vary depending on the specific SBC model, and power adapters are often included or sold separately.
  7. Expansion and Connectivity: SBCs may offer additional expansion options to enhance functionality. These can include expansion headers (such as GPIO pins) for connecting custom circuits, PCIe slots for adding expansion cards, wireless connectivity options like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and more. The available expansion options vary across different SBC models.

SBCs are popular for a wide range of applications, including robotics, home automation, media centers, IoT (Internet of Things) devices, prototyping, education, and even as low-cost desktop computers. Their compact size, flexibility, and relatively low cost make them an attractive option for many projects and use cases.