SA NR (standalone new radio)

Standalone New Radio (SA NR) refers to the deployment of 5G New Radio technology without the need for any previous-generation cellular network infrastructure. It is a term used to describe the independent and self-sufficient operation of 5G networks.

To understand SA NR, it's important to have some background knowledge of 5G technology. 5G is the fifth generation of wireless cellular networks, designed to provide significantly faster data speeds, lower latency, and greater capacity compared to previous generations like 4G LTE. 5G NR is the air interface standard for 5G networks, defining how devices communicate wirelessly with the network infrastructure.

In the initial stages of 5G deployment, Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture was introduced. NSA 5G networks rely on existing 4G LTE infrastructure for certain functionalities, such as control signaling and mobility management. This means that while 5G can offer faster speeds for data transmission, it still relies on the underlying 4G infrastructure to establish and maintain connections.

However, with the introduction of SA NR, 5G networks can operate independently without relying on any legacy cellular infrastructure. SA NR represents a true end-to-end 5G network that is capable of delivering all the promised benefits of 5G technology.

In SA NR, the core network, which handles functions such as user authentication, session management, and routing, is designed specifically for 5G. It is based on a cloud-native architecture and utilizes virtualization techniques, such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN). This allows for greater flexibility, scalability, and efficiency compared to traditional cellular network architectures.

SA NR also introduces a new radio access network (RAN) architecture, which consists of base stations or cell sites that communicate wirelessly with user devices. The RAN uses advanced technologies like beamforming and massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) to improve coverage, capacity, and spectral efficiency.

By deploying SA NR, network operators can offer enhanced services and applications that take full advantage of the capabilities of 5G technology. These include ultra-low latency applications like autonomous vehicles, remote surgery, and augmented/virtual reality, as well as massive IoT (Internet of Things) deployments that require high device density and reliable connectivity.

SA NR also provides a foundation for network slicing, a concept where the 5G network can be logically partitioned into multiple virtual networks, each optimized for specific use cases or industries. Network slicing allows for customization, security, and isolation of network resources, enabling operators to meet the diverse requirements of different applications and services.

In summary, SA NR represents the full realization of 5G technology, operating independently without relying on legacy cellular networks. It offers faster speeds, lower latency, increased capacity, and enables the deployment of advanced applications and services. SA NR is a significant step forward in the evolution of wireless networks, paving the way for transformative technologies and experiences.