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Pre Trial : Frame Structure

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The frame structure in 5G Pre-Trial is designed to provide a robust and flexible foundation for data transmission and network synchronization. It consists of 50 subframes within a radio frame, each lasting 1 msec. Subframes 0 and 25 are designated as special subframes, carrying synchronization signals and reference signals, while the remaining subframes are used for regular data transmission.

Special Subframes

Subframes 0 and 25 play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining network synchronization. They carry the following signals:

  1. Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS): The PSS is a short sequence of known bits transmitted at the beginning of every subframe, allowing UEs to identify the start of a radio frame and synchronize their timing.
  2. Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS): The SSS is a longer sequence of known bits transmitted after the PSS, providing additional timing information and aiding in cell identification.
  3. Extended Synchronization Signal (ESS): The ESS is a continuous transmission of Zadoff-Chu (ZC) chips throughout subframes 0 and 25, enabling precise timing synchronization and facilitating handover between cells.
  4. Beamforming Reference Signal (BRS): The BRS is transmitted in subframe 0 and 25 to provide reference signals for beamforming, a technique that focuses radio signals in specific directions to improve signal strength and reduce interference.

Regular Subframes

Subframes 1 to 49 are used for regular data transmission, carrying user data and control signals. Each subframe is further divided into 14 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, which represent individual frequency channels for data transmission.

The frame structure in 5G Pre-Trial provides a flexible and scalable framework for data transmission, enabling efficient utilization of the available spectrum and supporting the growing demand for high-speed connectivity. The use of synchronization signals and beamforming techniques ensures reliable and consistent communication, even in challenging network conditions.