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nsa 5g architecture

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1. NSA (Non-Standalone) 5G Architecture:

In NSA mode, 5G networks are built on top of existing 4G LTE infrastructure. The primary goal here is to leverage the existing LTE core network and radio access network (RAN) to provide initial 5G services, primarily enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB).

Components:

  1. 4G LTE eNB (Evolved NodeB): The existing LTE base stations continue to serve 4G users while also being the anchor for 5G users.
  2. 5G NR (New Radio) gNB (Next Generation NodeB): These are the new 5G base stations that provide the enhanced capabilities of 5G, like higher data rates, lower latency, and massive device connectivity.
  3. Dual Connectivity: This feature allows a device to simultaneously connect to both 4G and 5G networks. The 4G LTE eNB serves as the master node, while the 5G gNB operates as the secondary node. This ensures seamless handovers and provides the benefits of both 4G and 5G networks.
  4. LTE EPC (Evolved Packet Core): The existing LTE core network components, such as MME (Mobility Management Entity), SGW (Serving Gateway), and PGW (Packet Gateway), are used for control and data plane functionalities, ensuring compatibility and a smooth transition to 5G.
  5. 5G NGC (Next-Generation Core): Over time, as the 5G network evolves, it will integrate with the 5G core network to provide standalone capabilities.

2. SA (Standalone) 5G Architecture:

In SA mode, the 5G network operates independently without relying on the 4G infrastructure. This mode unlocks the full potential of 5G capabilities.

Components:

  1. 5G gNB: The standalone 5G base stations that provide all the advanced features and capabilities of 5G.
  2. 5G Core Network (5GC): This is a new architecture designed to support the full capabilities of 5G. The 5GC comprises several key components:
    • AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function): Manages the access and mobility aspects of user devices.
    • SMF (Session Management Function): Manages the session establishment and maintenance for user equipment.
    • UPF (User Plane Function): Handles the user plane data forwarding and traffic routing functions.
    • AUSF (Authentication Server Function): Manages authentication and security functions.
    • UDM (Unified Data Management): Provides unified data management capabilities.
  3. 5G RAN (Radio Access Network): This includes the gNBs and other associated components that provide radio access capabilities, such as beamforming, massive MIMO, and dynamic spectrum sharing.
  4. Network Slicing: One of the key features of SA 5G is network slicing, which allows the creation of multiple virtual networks on top of a single physical infrastructure. This enables tailored services with specific performance, latency, and reliability requirements.