MOCN multi-operator core network

MOCN (Multi-Operator Core Network) is a network architecture that allows multiple operators to share a common core network, while maintaining their individual radio access networks (RANs) and their respective subscribers. In other words, MOCN enables multiple operators to use the same core network infrastructure, while operating their own independent RANs.

The concept of MOCN emerged as a solution to the problem of limited spectrum availability. Spectrum is a finite resource, and as the demand for mobile services continues to grow, there is an increasing need for more efficient use of the available spectrum. One way to achieve this is through network sharing, where multiple operators share the same network infrastructure. However, traditional network sharing models require the sharing of both the core network and the RAN, which can be a complex and difficult process. MOCN was developed as a solution to this problem, allowing operators to share the core network while maintaining their own independent RANs.

MOCN works by separating the core network functions from the RAN functions. The core network includes functions such as switching, routing, and data transport, while the RAN includes functions such as base stations, antennas, and radio frequency (RF) equipment. In MOCN, multiple operators can share the same core network, while maintaining their own independent RANs. Each operator has its own set of base stations, antennas, and RF equipment, which are connected to the shared core network.

The MOCN architecture is based on the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) standard, which defines the technical specifications for mobile networks. In the 3GPP architecture, the core network is divided into three main components: the User Equipment (UE), the Radio Access Network (RAN), and the Core Network (CN). The UE is the mobile device used by the subscriber, while the RAN provides the wireless connectivity between the UE and the CN. The CN provides the network services, such as voice and data transmission.

In the MOCN architecture, each operator has its own RAN, which includes base stations, antennas, and RF equipment. The RAN connects to the shared CN through a common interface, called the Iu-CS (Interface User- Circuit Switched). The Iu-CS is used for voice and circuit-switched data services. For packet-switched data services, a separate interface, called the Iu-PS (Interface User- Packet Switched), is used. The Iu-PS connects the RAN to the shared Packet Core Network (PCN).

The PCN is the core network that is shared by the operators in the MOCN architecture. The PCN includes the Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN), which connects the PCN to the Internet, and the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), which manages the subscriber data and provides mobility management functions. The PCN also includes other network elements, such as the Home Subscriber Server (HSS), which stores subscriber information, and the Media Gateway (MGW), which provides media gateway services.

One of the key advantages of MOCN is that it allows operators to share the cost of the core network infrastructure, which can be a significant expense. By sharing the core network, operators can reduce their capital and operational expenditures, while still maintaining control over their own RANs and subscribers. MOCN can also provide benefits in terms of network performance and capacity, as multiple operators can use the same core network resources more efficiently.

Another advantage of MOCN is that it can facilitate the deployment of new services and technologies. By sharing the core network, operators can more easily adopt new technologies, such as 5G, without having to invest in a new core network infrastructure. MOCN can also facilitate the deployment of new services, such as mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) services, where a company leases network capacity from a mobile network operator to provide its own mobile services.

However, there are also challenges associated with implementing MOCN. One of the main challenges is ensuring interoperability between the different RANs and core networks. Operators need to ensure that their RANs are compatible with the shared core network, and that the network interfaces are standardized and well-defined. This requires significant coordination and cooperation between the operators, as well as adherence to industry standards and guidelines.

Another challenge is ensuring network security and privacy. With multiple operators sharing the same core network infrastructure, there is a risk that sensitive subscriber data could be compromised. Operators need to implement robust security measures, such as encryption and authentication protocols, to protect subscriber data and ensure network security.

In addition, there may be regulatory and legal challenges associated with MOCN. For example, some countries may have regulations that restrict the sharing of network infrastructure between operators, or require operators to maintain separate core networks. Operators need to be aware of these regulations and ensure compliance before implementing MOCN.

Despite these challenges, MOCN has the potential to provide significant benefits for operators and subscribers alike. By sharing the core network infrastructure, operators can reduce costs, improve network efficiency, and facilitate the deployment of new services and technologies. However, implementing MOCN requires careful planning, coordination, and cooperation between operators, as well as adherence to industry standards and guidelines.