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frequency range of 2g 3g 4g 5g

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2G (Second Generation)

Frequency Bands:

  1. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): 2G networks primarily operated in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequency bands.
    • 900 MHz Band: Typically used for wider coverage areas because lower frequencies can penetrate buildings and travel longer distances.
    • 1800 MHz Band: Offers capacity advantages due to its ability to support more users and higher data rates than the 900 MHz band.
  2. Other Bands: Some countries and regions also adopted the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands, especially in the Americas.

3G (Third Generation)

Frequency Bands:

  1. UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System): 3G networks operate primarily in the 2100 MHz band.
    • 2100 MHz Band: This frequency band provides a balance between coverage and capacity, offering higher data rates than 2G.
  2. Other Bands: Besides 2100 MHz, some regions and countries also have 3G deployments in the 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, 1900 MHz, and 2100 MHz bands, depending on regulatory decisions and regional requirements.

4G (Fourth Generation)

Frequency Bands:

  1. LTE (Long-Term Evolution): 4G networks operate in a wide range of frequency bands globally to meet different requirements of coverage, capacity, and performance.
    • 700 MHz Band: Known for its excellent coverage and penetration capabilities.
    • 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2300 MHz, 2500 MHz, and 2600 MHz Bands: These bands are used based on regional regulatory decisions and operator deployments.
  2. Carrier Aggregation: One of the advancements in 4G technology is carrier aggregation, allowing operators to combine multiple frequency bands to provide higher data rates and better network performance.

5G (Fifth Generation)

Frequency Bands:

  1. Sub-6 GHz Bands: These frequency bands include:
    • 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 4.9 GHz: These bands offer a balance between coverage and capacity, allowing for broader coverage and improved data rates compared to previous generations.
  2. mmWave (Millimeter Wave) Bands:
    • 24 GHz, 28 GHz, 39 GHz, and higher: mmWave bands provide extremely high data rates but have limited coverage due to higher propagation losses. They are suitable for dense urban areas and specific use-cases where high bandwidth is essential.
  3. Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS): 5G introduces DSS, enabling operators to utilize existing 4G spectrum (e.g., 1800 MHz or 2100 MHz) for 5G deployments, providing a smoother transition and coexistence between 4G and 5G technologies.