Basic Principle: Fiber optics is a technology that uses thin strands of glass or plastic, called optical fibers, to transmit data using light pulses. It relies on the principle of total internal reflection, where light entering the core of the fiber is reflected back into the core, allowing it to travel over long distances with minimal loss of signal.
Components:
Optical Fiber: The core (inner part) of the fiber where light travels, surrounded by a cladding that reflects the light back into the core.
Light Source: Typically, a laser or LED generates the light signals that are transmitted through the fiber.
Detector: At the receiving end, a photodetector converts the light signals back into electrical signals.
Transmission System: This includes the necessary components for encoding, modulation, and demodulation of data onto the light signals.
Advantages:
High bandwidth and data transfer rates.
Immunity to electromagnetic interference.
Low signal attenuation over long distances.
Radio Communication:
Basic Principle: Radio communication involves the transmission of information through the air using radio waves. This is a form of wireless communication.
Components:
Transmitter: Converts electrical signals into radio waves for transmission.
Antenna: Radiates the radio waves into space or captures incoming radio waves.
Receiver: Converts received radio waves back into electrical signals for further processing.
Modulation/Demodulation: The process of encoding information onto a carrier wave for transmission and extracting it at the receiving end.
Types of Radio Communication:
Analog Radio: Traditional radio broadcasting, often used in AM (Amplitude Modulation) and FM (Frequency Modulation) broadcasts.
Digital Radio: Utilizes digital modulation schemes for improved signal quality and efficiency.
Wireless Networks: Mobile communication, Wi-Fi, and other wireless technologies fall under this category.
