Overview: 5G is the fifth generation of mobile network technology following 4G. It promises faster data speeds, lower latency, greater capacity, and more reliable connections compared to its predecessors.
Technical Aspects:
Frequency Spectrum: 5G operates in various frequency bands, including low-band (sub-1 GHz), mid-band (1-6 GHz), and high-band (mmWave, above 24 GHz). Each band has its advantages and limitations in terms of coverage and speed.
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB): Provides significantly faster data rates than 4G, allowing for applications like 4K streaming and virtual reality.
Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC): Enables critical applications that require real-time data transmission, such as autonomous vehicles and remote surgeries.
Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC): Supports a massive number of IoT devices, facilitating smart cities, industrial automation, and more.
Advanced Technologies: MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), beamforming, and network slicing are some of the technologies used in 5G to enhance performance, coverage, and efficiency.
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications):
Overview: GSM is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as smartphones.
Technical Aspects:
Frequency Bands: GSM operates primarily in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands, though it has other frequency bands depending on the region.
Modulation: GSM uses a combination of Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) for its radio transmission.
Encryption: GSM introduced the use of the A5 encryption algorithm to secure voice and data transmissions.
Services: GSM offers various services like voice calling, SMS (Short Message Service), and basic data services (GPRS for data) within its framework.
Architecture: GSM networks consist of Mobile Station (MS), Base Station Subsystem (BSS), Network Switching Subsystem (NSS), and Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS).
