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5g standalone core

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5G standalone (SA) core refers to the architecture and components of a 5G network that operate independently without relying on the 4G LTE network for any part of its functionality. Let's break down the 5G SA core technically:

1. Architecture:

The 5G standalone core network architecture is based on Service-Based Architecture (SBA). This means it's designed to be more modular, scalable, and capable of supporting various services with different requirements.

2. Network Functions:

The 5G SA core consists of various network functions, each serving specific purposes:

  • AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function): This function manages device access to the network, handles mobility-related procedures (like handovers), and manages session establishments and terminations.
  • SMF (Session Management Function): It's responsible for managing user plane session-related functionalities. This includes setting up data sessions, policy enforcement, and ensuring the right Quality of Service (QoS) for each session.
  • UPF (User Plane Function): This function handles packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, QoS enforcement, and various other user-plane related functions. It's responsible for ensuring that data packets get from the device to the correct destination and vice versa.
  • PCF (Policy Control Function): The PCF manages policies for resource allocation, QoS, and charging control. It ensures that network resources are allocated efficiently based on policies and user requirements.
  • UDM (Unified Data Management): This function handles subscriber data management, authentication, and authorization. It ensures that user data is securely stored and managed.
  • AUSF (Authentication Server Function): This function is responsible for authenticating users and generating authentication vectors for secure communication between the device and the network.
  • NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function): With 5G's capability to support network slicing, the NSSF helps in selecting the appropriate network slice based on service requirements.

3. Key Features:

  • Network Slicing: One of the foundational features of 5G SA core is network slicing. This allows operators to create multiple virtual networks with specific characteristics to cater to different services or customer requirements. Each slice can have its own set of resources, QoS policies, and functionalities.
  • Low Latency: The 5G SA core is designed to support ultra-low latency requirements, enabling applications like real-time gaming, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR).
  • Enhanced Security: With the introduction of new security mechanisms and protocols, the 5G SA core offers enhanced security features compared to its predecessors. This includes improved encryption algorithms, secure authentication methods, and protection against various types of attacks.
  • Improved Throughput: The 5G SA core supports significantly higher data rates and throughput compared to previous generations. This is achieved through advanced radio technologies, improved spectrum efficiency, and optimized network architectures.

4. Integration with 4G:

While the 5G SA core operates independently of the 4G LTE network, there's still a need for interworking between the two networks. This ensures seamless mobility and service continuity for users transitioning between 4G and 5G coverage areas. Interworking functions like the NG-RAN (Next Generation Radio Access Network) and EPC (Evolved Packet Core) interfaces facilitate this transition.