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5g split architecture

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The 5G network architecture introduces a concept called "split architecture" to accommodate the diverse requirements of 5G services and applications efficiently. This split architecture helps in distributing the network functions between the central core network and the edge of the network. Let's dive into the technical details.

5G Split Architecture Components:

  1. User Plane (UP) and Control Plane (CP):
    • User Plane (UP): This is responsible for handling data forwarding. It manages the actual data packets that are being transmitted between the user equipment (UE) and the core network or between different nodes in the network.
    • Control Plane (CP): This manages signaling, session management, mobility, and other control-related functions.
  2. Centralized and Distributed Units:
    • To handle the diverse and demanding requirements of 5G, the architecture is divided into Centralized Units (CUs) and Distributed Units (DUs).
    • Centralized Units (CUs): These are responsible for control plane functionalities. They manage aspects like session management, mobility management, and signaling.
    • Distributed Units (DUs): These handle user plane functionalities. They are responsible for tasks like packet routing, forwarding, and traffic management.

Types of Split in 5G:

  1. Split Between Radio Unit (RU), Distributed Unit (DU), and Centralized Unit (CU):
    • This is a significant split where the Radio Unit (RU) deals with radio transmission and reception, the Distributed Unit (DU) deals with baseband processing and some user plane functions, and the Centralized Unit (CU) handles control plane functions and some user plane functions.
  2. Functional Splits:
    • The 3GPP has defined various functional splits, including F1, F2, F1-C, F1-U, F1-U-CP, F2-C, etc., each serving different purposes and optimizing specific aspects of the network such as latency, throughput, and scalability.

Advantages of 5G Split Architecture:

  1. Scalability: The split architecture allows network operators to scale specific components independently based on the demand for control and user plane functions.
  2. Low Latency: By distributing certain functions closer to the edge, 5G networks can achieve lower latency, which is crucial for applications like autonomous vehicles and augmented reality.
  3. Efficiency: The split architecture enables more efficient use of resources by distributing the workload based on the specific requirements of different network functions.
  4. Flexibility and Customization: Network operators can customize and optimize specific components based on the unique requirements of their service offerings and user demands.

Conclusion:

The 5G split architecture is a fundamental design principle that divides the network functions between centralized and distributed units, optimizing the performance, scalability, latency, and efficiency of 5G networks. By distributing specific functions based on their nature and requirements, 5G networks can meet the diverse demands of emerging applications and services effectively.