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5g non standalone architecture

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5G, there are two main deployment options: Standalone (SA) and Non-Standalone (NSA). NSA is an initial deployment option that relies on the existing 4G LTE infrastructure for certain functions. Let's break down the key components and their functions in the 5G NSA architecture:

  1. LTE eNB (Evolved NodeB):
    • The existing LTE eNB serves as the anchor point for the 5G NSA deployment. It handles radio communication with user equipment (UE) that supports both 4G LTE and 5G NR (New Radio).
    • LTE eNB manages the radio resources for both LTE and 5G NR connections.
  2. NG-RAN (Next-Generation Radio Access Network):
    • NG-RAN includes the new 5G NR radio access nodes, which are known as gNBs (Next-Generation NodeB).
    • gNBs provide additional capacity, coverage, and improved data rates compared to LTE eNBs.
  3. Dual Connectivity:
    • Dual Connectivity is a key feature of 5G NSA, allowing a UE to be connected simultaneously to both LTE and 5G NR networks. This is achieved through two different links:
      • Master Node (MN): The LTE eNB acts as the master node, coordinating and controlling the overall communication with the UE.
      • Secondary Node (SN): The 5G gNB serves as the secondary node, providing additional data rates and capacity.
  4. EPC (Evolved Packet Core):
    • The EPC is the core network architecture for LTE, and in the case of 5G NSA, it is still used for managing the control plane and user plane functions.
    • The EPC is responsible for tasks such as mobility management, session management, and packet routing.
  5. Dual Connectivity Control Plane (CP) and User Plane (UP) Split:
    • Control Plane (CP): The signaling and control information between the UE, eNB, and gNB is handled by the CP. The MN manages the control plane, while the SN supports the user plane.
    • User Plane (UP): The actual user data is transmitted over the user plane. The UP is handled by both the MN and SN, allowing for efficient data transmission and load balancing.
  6. Xn Interface:
    • The Xn interface facilitates communication between gNBs in the 5G NSA architecture. It is crucial for coordination and handover procedures.

5G NSA architecture leverages the existing LTE infrastructure, allowing for a faster and more cost-effective deployment of 5G services. The dual connectivity feature ensures a smooth transition for UEs capable of supporting both LTE and 5G NR, providing improved performance and higher data rates.