Before a device can be certified for 5G mmWave, it needs to meet specific technical standards set by regulatory bodies (such as the FCC in the United States) and industry alliances (like 3GPP).
Devices need to comply with frequency bands allocated for mmWave (typically 24 GHz to 100 GHz for 5G).
Testing begins with basic functionalities, ensuring that the device operates within the allocated frequency range and meets radiation and emission standards set by regulatory bodies.
Radiated Performance Testing:
This involves evaluating the device's performance in transmitting and receiving signals in the mmWave frequency bands.
Radiated performance tests measure parameters such as antenna gain, radiated power, beamforming capabilities, and beam alignment accuracy.
Antenna arrays are tested to ensure they form and direct beams accurately, allowing for efficient communication in mmWave bands, which are sensitive to obstacles and environmental conditions.
Throughput and Latency Testing:
Devices must demonstrate high data throughput and low latency, which are key aspects of 5G technology.
Throughput testing assesses the maximum data transfer rates achievable by the device in different scenarios and distances within mmWave coverage.
Latency testing evaluates the delay in transmitting and receiving data, aiming for minimal delays in data communication.
Protocol Conformance Testing:
Ensures that the device adheres to the 5G protocol specifications as defined by 3GPP.
Tests cover aspects like protocol messaging, handover procedures, network registration, and interoperability with other 5G devices and infrastructure.
Interoperability Testing:
Devices need to operate seamlessly within the larger 5G network ecosystem, including compatibility with base stations, network core components, and other devices.
Interoperability testing involves trials in different network configurations to verify compatibility and proper functioning with various network elements.
Regulatory Compliance:
Apart from technical performance, devices must adhere to specific regulatory requirements regarding radiofrequency emissions, power levels, and safety standards.
Compliance with these regulations ensures that the device's operation does not cause interference with other wireless systems or pose health hazards.
Certification Submission and Approval:
Once all tests are completed and the device meets the necessary standards and requirements, the manufacturer submits the findings to the relevant certification authorities.
Certification bodies review the test results and documentation before granting official certification for the device's 5G mmWave capabilities.
