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5g invented by

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The development of 5G technology is a result of collaborative efforts from various organizations, research institutions, and companies around the world. Unlike previous generations of wireless technology, where a single entity or standardization body played a dominant role, 5G has seen contributions from multiple stakeholders. The 5G standardization process was led by international organizations, primarily the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Here's a technical overview of how 5G was invented:

  1. Standardization Organizations:
    • 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project): 3GPP is a collaborative project involving various telecommunications standards organizations. It played a central role in defining the technical specifications for 5G. 3GPP releases defined the different phases of 5G development.
  2. Phases of 5G Development:
    • Release 15 (2018): The initial phase of 5G standardization, also known as 5G NR (New Radio), focused on non-standalone (NSA) architecture, where 5G networks are supported by existing 4G infrastructure.
    • Release 16 (2020): This phase concentrated on standalone (SA) architecture, bringing more advanced features and functionalities to 5G networks.
  3. Key Technical Features:
    • Higher Frequencies: 5G utilizes higher frequency bands (millimeter waves), allowing for increased data transfer rates and reduced latency. Frequencies in the mmWave range (24 GHz and above) enable faster data transmission but have shorter range and are more susceptible to obstacles.
    • Massive MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output): 5G networks leverage massive MIMO technology, using a large number of antennas at the base station to improve spectral efficiency, increase capacity, and enhance data rates.
    • Beamforming: Beamforming technology is employed to direct the signal towards the intended user, improving signal strength and reliability.
    • Network Slicing: 5G introduces the concept of network slicing, where a single physical network is divided into multiple virtual networks, each optimized for specific use cases, such as enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine-type communication, and ultra-reliable low-latency communication.
  4. Key Players and Contributors:
    • Telecom Equipment Manufacturers: Companies like Huawei, Ericsson, Nokia, and Samsung played significant roles in developing and providing the necessary infrastructure for 5G networks.
    • Mobile Network Operators (MNOs): Major telecom operators worldwide invested in the deployment of 5G networks.
  5. Global Collaboration:
    • 5G development involved global collaboration, with contributions from experts and organizations worldwide. This collaborative approach ensured that 5G could address diverse requirements and use cases.
  6. Ongoing Evolution:
    • 5G is not a static technology; it continues to evolve with subsequent releases. Ongoing efforts focus on enhancing performance, security, and supporting new applications and services.

The invention of 5G involved the collaborative efforts of international standardization organizations, telecom equipment manufacturers, mobile network operators, and other stakeholders. The technical features of 5G, including higher frequencies, massive MIMO, beamforming, and network slicing, contribute to its capability to provide faster data rates, lower latency, and support diverse use cases.