5g core is based on cups architecture

The 5G Core (5GC) is built upon a modernized architecture to support the unique requirements and capabilities of 5G networks. The 5G architecture has introduced a new way of thinking compared to its predecessors, primarily with the introduction of a modular and flexible approach called the CUPS architecture.

CUPS stands for Control and User Plane Separation. Let's break down the technical aspects of the CUPS architecture in the 5G Core:

1. Separation of Control Plane and User Plane:

Traditionally, in previous generations of mobile networks like 4G/LTE, the control plane (responsible for signaling and management functions) and the user plane (responsible for actual data forwarding) were tightly coupled within the same physical entity.

With CUPS in 5G, these functionalities are separated. The control plane functions and user plane functions can be located in different physical entities, enabling more flexibility, scalability, and optimized resource usage.

2. Flexibility and Scalability:

Separating the control and user planes allows operators to scale their networks more efficiently. For instance, if there's a need to expand the data handling capacity, only the user plane can be scaled without impacting the control plane functions. This modular approach means that upgrades or modifications in one plane don't necessitate changes in the other.

3. Service-Based Architecture (SBA):

Another essential aspect of 5G Core, which complements the CUPS architecture, is the Service-Based Architecture. In SBA, network functions expose their services via a well-defined interface. This approach allows for more flexible deployment and orchestration of network functions. The combination of CUPS and SBA ensures that the 5G network is agile, efficient, and adaptable to various use cases and service requirements.

4. Key Functional Components:

Within the 5G Core, some of the key functional components that benefit from the CUPS architecture include:

• AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function): Responsible for mobility management, access authentication, and connection management.
• SMF (Session Management Function): Handles session-related functions such as session establishment, modification, and termination.
• UPF (User Plane Function): The main component where data forwarding happens. It's responsible for packet routing, forwarding, and policy enforcement.
• AUSF (Authentication Server Function): Manages authentication and key derivation for subscribers.
• UDM (Unified Data Management): Manages subscriber data, authentication, and authorization information.

5. Benefits:

• Optimized Resource Utilization: The separation ensures that resources (both hardware and software) can be allocated and scaled independently based on demand.
• Enhanced Flexibility: Operators can introduce new services, make modifications, or optimize specific functionalities without overhauling the entire system.
• Improved Performance: By distributing the workload and decoupling functionalities, the 5G Core can achieve better performance metrics, reduced latency, and improved reliability.