5g bands with frequency

5G, or fifth-generation wireless technology, operates on a variety of frequency bands to provide high-speed, low-latency, and reliable communication. These frequency bands are categorized into three main types: low-band (sub-1 GHz), mid-band (1-6 GHz), and high-band (mmWave or millimeter-wave, 24 GHz and above). Each type of band has its own characteristics and trade-offs.

1. Low-Band (Sub-1 GHz):
   • Frequency Range: Below 1 GHz.
   • Characteristics:
     • Longer range coverage.
     • Better penetration through obstacles (e.g., buildings).
     • Lower data transfer rates compared to higher bands.
   • Usage:
     • Low-band spectrum is often used to provide extensive coverage, especially in rural areas.
     • It is commonly used for basic mobile broadband services.
   • Example Frequencies:
     • 600 MHz, 700 MHz
2. Mid-Band (1-6 GHz):
   • Frequency Range: 1 GHz to 6 GHz.
   • Characteristics:
     • A balance between coverage and data transfer rates.
     • Moderate penetration through obstacles.
     • Offers higher data rates compared to low-band.
   • Usage:
     • Mid-band spectrum is a compromise between coverage and capacity.
     • It is suitable for urban and suburban areas with moderate coverage requirements.
   • Example Frequencies:
     • 3.5 GHz (C-Band), 2.5 GHz
3. High-Band (mmWave - Millimeter-Wave):
   • Frequency Range: 24 GHz and above.
   • Characteristics:
     • Very high data transfer rates.
     • Limited coverage area.
     • Susceptible to higher atmospheric absorption and obstacles.
   • Usage:
     • High-band spectrum is ideal for densely populated urban areas where high data capacity is crucial.
   • Example Frequencies:
     • 28 GHz, 39 GHz
4. Multi-Band (Carrier Aggregation):
   • Implementation:
     • Many 5G networks utilize multiple frequency bands simultaneously through a technique called carrier aggregation.
     • Carrier aggregation enables the aggregation of different frequency bands to enhance data rates and capacity.
5. Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS):
   • Implementation:
     • Dynamic Spectrum Sharing allows for the simultaneous use of 4G and 5G on the same frequency band.
     • This helps in a smooth transition from 4G to 5G without requiring separate spectrum allocations.
6. Unlicensed Spectrum:
   • Usage:
     • In addition to licensed spectrum, 5G also utilizes unlicensed spectrum bands, such as the 5 GHz band commonly used for Wi-Fi.

It's important to note that the specific frequency bands used for 5G can vary between countries and regions. The above examples are generalizations, and the actual frequency allocations may differ based on regulatory decisions and spectrum availability. Additionally, advancements in technology may lead to the introduction of new frequency bands and techniques in the future.