2g core network architecture
The 2G (2nd Generation) mobile network architecture consists of several key components that work together to enable voice and data communication. The two main standards for 2G networks are GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). I'll explain the GSM 2G core network architecture in detail.
- Mobile Station (MS):
- The MS refers to the mobile device used by the end-user. It includes the mobile phone and, in some cases, a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card that stores user-specific information.
- Base Station Subsystem (BSS):
- The BSS is responsible for the radio communication with the mobile device. It consists of two main components:
- Base Transceiver Station (BTS): This is responsible for the radio transmission and reception to and from the mobile device. It handles the air interface protocols, such as modulation and demodulation.
- Base Station Controller (BSC): The BSC manages and controls multiple BTS units. It handles tasks like handovers, frequency hopping, and power level control.
- The BSS is responsible for the radio communication with the mobile device. It consists of two main components:
- Network Switching Subsystem (NSS):
- The NSS is the core of the 2G network, responsible for managing the call and connection control. It includes several key components:
- Mobile Switching Center (MSC): The MSC connects calls, manages call handovers, and controls the signaling between the mobile device and the network. It also interfaces with other MSCs and external networks.
- Home Location Register (HLR): The HLR is a database that stores subscriber information, including user profiles, current locations, and activity status.
- Visitor Location Register (VLR): The VLR is a temporary database that stores information about subscribers currently within the coverage area of a particular MSC. It communicates with the HLR to retrieve user information.
- Authentication Center (AuC): The AuC is responsible for ensuring the security and privacy of user data. It authenticates users and generates encryption keys for secure communication.
- The NSS is the core of the 2G network, responsible for managing the call and connection control. It includes several key components:
- Equipment Identity Register (EIR):
- The EIR is a database that stores information about mobile devices, including their IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) numbers. It helps in identifying stolen or unauthorized devices.
- Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC):
- The OMC is responsible for the management and maintenance of the overall network. It monitors network performance, handles fault management, and supports network planning activities.
- Short Message Service Center (SMSC):
- The SMSC is responsible for handling SMS (Short Message Service) messages. It stores and forwards SMS messages between mobile devices.